RULE 9.420. FILING; SERVICE; COMPUTATION OF TIME
(a)
Filing.
(1)
Generally. Filing may be accomplished in conformity
with the requirements of Florida Rule of General Practice and
Judicial Administration 2.525.
(2)
Inmate Filing. The filing date of a document filed by
a pro se inmate confined in an institution will be presumed to be
the date it is stamped for filing by the clerk of the court, except as
follows:
(A)
the document will be presumed to be filed on
the date the inmate places it in the hands of an institutional official
for mailing if the institution has a system designed for legal mail,
the inmate uses that system, and the institution’s system records
that date; or
(B)
the document will be presumed to be filed on
the date reflected on a certificate of service contained in the
document if the certificate is in substantially the form prescribed by
subdivision (d)(1) of this rule and either:
(i)
the institution does not have a system
designed for legal mail; or
(ii)
the inmate used the institution’s system
designed for legal mail, if any, but the institution’s system does not
provide for a way to record the date the inmate places the document
in the hands of an institutional official for mailing.
(b)
Service.
(1)
By a Party or Amicus Curiae. All documents must be
filed either before service or immediately thereafter. A copy of all
documents filed under these rules must, before filing or
immediately thereafter, be served on each of the parties. The lower
tribunal, before the record is transmitted, or the court, on motion,
may limit the number of copies to be served.
(2)
By the Clerk of the Court. A copy of all orders and
decisions must be transmitted, in the manner set forth for service
in rule 9.420(c), by the clerk of the court to all parties at the time of
entry of the order or decision, without first requiring payment of
any costs for the copies of those orders and decisions. Before the
court’s entry of an order or decision, the court may require that the
parties furnish the court with stamped, addressed envelopes for
transmission of the order or decision.
(c)
Method of Service. Service of every document filed in a
proceeding governed by these rules (including any briefs, motions,
notices, responses, petitions, and appendices) must be made in
conformity with the requirements of Florida Rule of General Practice
and Judicial Administration 2.516(b). Service of any document
required to be served but not filed contemporaneously must be
made in conformity with the requirements of Florida Rule of
General Practice and Judicial Administration 2.516, unless a court
orders, a statute specifies, or a supreme court administrative order
specifies a different means of service.
(d)
Proof of Service. A certificate of service by an attorney
that complies in substance with the requirements of Florida Rule of
General Practice and Judicial Administration 2.516(f) and a
certificate of service by a pro se party that complies in substance
with the appropriate form below will be taken as prima facie proof of
service in compliance with these rules. The certificate must specify
the party each attorney represents.
(1)
By Pro Se Inmate:
I certify that I placed this document in the hands of …..(here insert
name of institution official)….. for mailing to …..(here insert name
or names and addresses used for service)….. on …..(date)……
…..(name)…..
…..(address)…..
…..(prison identification
number)…..
(2)
By Other Pro Se Litigants:
I certify that a copy hereof has been furnished to …..(here insert
name or names and addresses used for service)….. by …..(e-mail)
(delivery) (mail)….. on …..(date)……
…..(name)…..
…..(address)…..
…..(phone number)…..
(e)
Computation. Computation of time is governed by
Florida Rule of General Practice and Judicial Administration 2.514.
Committee Notes
1977 Amendment. Subdivision (a) replaces former rule 3.4(a).
The last sentence of former rule 3.4(a) was eliminated as
superfluous. The filing of papers with a judge or justice is permitted
at the discretion of the judge or justice. The advisory committee
recommends that the ability to file with a judge or justice be
exercised only if necessary, and that care be taken not to discuss in
any manner the merits of the document being filed. See Fla. Code
Prof. Resp., DR 7-110(B) (now R. Regulating Fla. Bar 4-3.5(b)); Fla.
Code Jud. Conduct, Canon 3(A)(4).
Subdivision (b) replaces and simplifies former rules 3.4(b)(5)
and 3.6(i)(3). The substance of the last sentence of former rule
3.4(b)(5) is preserved. It should be noted that except for the notices
or petitions that invoke jurisdiction, these rules generally provide
for service by a certain time rather than filing. Under this provision
filing must be done before service or immediately thereafter.
Emphasis has been placed on service so as to eliminate the
hardship on parties caused by tardy service under the former rules
and to eliminate the burden placed on the courts by motions for
extension of time resulting from such tardy service. It is anticipated
that tardy filing will occur less frequently under these rules than
tardy service under the former rules because the parties are
unlikely to act in a manner that would irritate the court. The
manner for service and proof thereof is provided in subdivision (c).
Subdivision (d) replaces former rule 3.4(b)(3) and provides that
if a party or clerk is required or permitted to do an act within a
prescribed time after service, 5 days (instead of 3 days under the
former rule) shall be added to the time if service is by mail.
Subdivision (e) replaces former rule 3.18 with no substantial
change. “Holiday” is defined to include any day the clerk’s office is
closed whether or not done by order of the court. The holidays
specifically listed have been included, even though many courts do
not recognize them as holidays, to not place a burden on
practitioners to check whether an individual court plans to observe
a particular holiday.
1980 Amendment. Subdivision (b) was amended to provide
that either the lower tribunal or the court may limit the number of
copies to be served. The rule contemplates that the number of
copies may be limited on any showing of good cause, for example,
that the number of copies involved is onerous or that the appeal
involves questions with which some parties have no interest in the
outcome or are so remotely involved as not to justify furnishing a
complete record to them at appellant’s initial cost. The availability
of the original record at the clerk’s office of the lower tribunal until
due at the appellate court is a factor to be considered.
2014 Amendment. Subdivision (a)(2) has been completely
rewritten to conform this rule to Thompson v. State, 761 So. 2d 324
(Fla. 2000), and the federal mailbox rule adopted in Haag v. State,
591 So. 2d 614 (Fla. 1992). The amendment clarifies that an inmate
is required to use the institutional system designed for legal mail, if
there is one, in order to receive the benefits of the mailbox rule
embodied in this subdivision. If the institution’s legal mail system
records the date the document is provided to institutional officials
for mailing (e.g. Rule 33-210.102(8), Florida Administrative Code
(2010)), that date is presumed to be the date of filing. If the
institution’s legal mail system does not record the date the
document is provided to institutional officials—or if the institution
does not have a system for legal mail at all—the date of filing is
presumed to be the date reflected on the certificate of service
contained in the document, if the certificate of service is in
substantial conformity with subdivision (d)(1) of this rule. If the
inmate does not use the institution’s legal mail system when one
exists—or if the inmate does not include in the document a
certificate of service when the institution does not have a legal mail
system—the date the document is filed is presumed to be the date it
is stamped for filing by the clerk of the court.
Court Commentary
2000. Subdivision (a)(2) codifies the Florida Supreme Court’s
holding in Thompson v. State, 761 So. 2d 324 (Fla. 2000).
Source: Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure, effective September 4, 2025.
View the official rules: Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure — The Florida Bar (PDF)